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team-composition-analysis

Design optimal team structures, hiring plans, compensation strategies, and equity allocation for early-stage startups from pre-seed through Series A. Use this skill when planning headcount, determining which roles to hire next, setting compensation or equity ranges, designing org structure, or building a hiring budget aligned to funding milestones.

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wshobson/agents
Updated
2026-05-29
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wshobson--agents--team-composition-analysis
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Team Composition Analysis

Design optimal team structures, hiring plans, compensation strategies, and equity allocation for early-stage startups from pre-seed through Series A.

Overview

Build the right team at the right time with appropriate compensation and equity. Plan role-by-role hiring aligned with revenue milestones, budget constraints, and market benchmarks.

Team Structure by Stage

Pre-Seed (0-$500K ARR)

Team Size: 2-5 people

Core Roles:

  • Founders (2-3): Product, engineering, business
  • First engineer (if needed)
  • Contract roles: Design, marketing

Focus: Build and validate product-market fit

Seed ($500K-$2M ARR)

Team Size: 5-15 people

Key Hires:

  • Engineering lead + 2-3 engineers
  • First sales/business development
  • Product manager
  • Marketing/growth lead

Focus: Scale product and prove repeatable sales

Series A ($2M-$10M ARR)

Team Size: 15-50 people

Department Build-Out:

  • Engineering (40%): 6-20 people
  • Sales & Marketing (30%): 5-15 people
  • Customer Success (10%): 2-5 people
  • G&A (10%): 2-5 people
  • Product (10%): 2-5 people

Focus: Scale revenue and build repeatable processes

Detailed section: Role-by-Role Planning

Originally a 1720-byte section in this SKILL.md. Moved to references/details.md to fit Codex's 8 KB skill body cap.

Compensation Strategy

Base Salary Benchmarks (US, 2024)

Engineering:

  • Junior: $90K-$120K
  • Mid-Level: $120K-$150K
  • Senior: $150K-$180K
  • Staff/Principal: $180K-$220K
  • Engineering Manager: $160K-$200K
  • VP Engineering: $180K-$250K

Sales:

  • SDR/BDR: $50K-$70K base + $50K-$70K commission
  • Account Executive: $80K-$120K base + $80K-$120K commission
  • Sales Manager: $120K-$160K base + $80K-$120K commission
  • VP Sales: $150K-$200K base + $150K-$200K commission

Product:

  • Product Manager: $120K-$150K
  • Senior PM: $150K-$180K
  • Head of Product: $150K-$180K
  • VP Product: $180K-$220K

Marketing:

  • Marketing Manager: $90K-$130K
  • Content/Demand Gen: $70K-$100K
  • Head of Marketing: $130K-$170K
  • VP Marketing: $150K-$200K

Customer Success:

  • CS Representative: $60K-$90K
  • CS Manager: $100K-$130K
  • VP Customer Success: $140K-$180K

Total Compensation Formula

Total Comp = Base Salary × 1.30 (benefits & taxes) + Equity Value

Fully-Loaded Cost:

  • Base salary
  • Payroll taxes (7.65% FICA)
  • Benefits (health insurance, 401k): $10K-$15K per employee
  • Other (workspace, equipment, software): $5K-$10K per employee

Rule of Thumb: Multiply base salary by 1.3-1.4 for fully-loaded cost

Geographic Adjustments

San Francisco / New York: +20-30% above benchmarks Seattle / Boston / Los Angeles: +10-20% Austin / Denver / Chicago: +0-10% Remote / Other US Cities: -10-20% International: Varies widely by country

Equity Allocation

Equity by Role and Stage

Founders:

  • First founder: 40-60%
  • Second founder: 20-40%
  • Third founder: 10-20%
  • Vesting: 4 years with 1-year cliff

Early Employees (Pre-Seed):

  • First engineer: 0.5-2.0%
  • First 5 employees: 0.25-1.0% each

Seed Stage Hires:

  • VP/Head level: 0.5-1.5%
  • Senior IC: 0.1-0.5%
  • Mid-level: 0.05-0.25%
  • Junior: 0.01-0.1%

Series A Hires:

  • C-level (CTO, CFO): 1.0-3.0%
  • VP level: 0.3-1.0%
  • Director level: 0.1-0.5%
  • Senior IC: 0.05-0.2%
  • Mid-level: 0.01-0.1%
  • Junior: 0.005-0.05%

Equity Pool Sizing

Option Pool by Round:

  • Pre-Seed: 10-15% reserved
  • Seed: 10-15% top-up
  • Series A: 10-15% top-up
  • Series B+: 5-10% per round

Pre-Funding Dilution: Investors often require option pool creation before investment, diluting founders.

Example:

Pre-money: $10M
Investors want 15% option pool post-money

Calculation:
Post-money: $15M ($10M + $5M investment)
Option pool: $2.25M (15% × $15M)
Founders diluted by pool creation before new money

Organizational Design

Reporting Structure

Pre-Seed:

Founders (flat structure)
├── Contractors
└── First hires (report to founders)

Seed:

CEO
├── Engineering Lead (2-4 engineers)
├── Sales/Growth Lead (1-2 reps)
├── Product Manager
└── Operations

Series A:

CEO
├── CTO / VP Engineering (6-20 people)
│   ├── Engineering Manager(s)
│   └── Individual Contributors
├── VP Sales (5-15 people)
│   ├── Sales Manager
│   ├── Account Executives
│   └── SDRs
├── Head of Product (2-5 people)
│   ├── Product Managers
│   └── Designers
├── Head of Customer Success (2-5 people)
└── CFO / Finance Lead (2-5 people)
    ├── Recruiter
    └── Operations

Span of Control

Manager Ratios:

  • First-line managers: 4-8 direct reports
  • Directors: 3-5 direct reports (managers)
  • VPs: 3-5 direct reports (directors)
  • CEO: 5-8 direct reports (executive team)

Full-Time vs. Contract

Use Full-Time for:

  • Core product development
  • Sales (revenue-generating roles)
  • Mission-critical operations
  • Institutional knowledge roles

Use Contractors for:

  • Specialized short-term needs (legal, accounting)
  • Variable workload (design, marketing campaigns)
  • Skills outside core competency
  • Testing role before FTE hire
  • Geographic expansion before permanent presence

Cost Comparison

Full-Time:

  • Lower hourly cost
  • Benefits and overhead
  • Long-term commitment
  • Cultural fit matters

Contract:

  • Higher hourly rate ($75-$200/hour vs. $40-$100/hour FTE equivalent)
  • No benefits or overhead
  • Flexible engagement
  • Easier to scale up/down

Hiring Velocity

Realistic Timeline

Role Opening to Hire:

  • Junior: 6-8 weeks
  • Mid-Level: 8-12 weeks
  • Senior: 12-16 weeks
  • Executive: 16-24 weeks

Time to Productivity:

  • Junior: 4-6 months
  • Mid-Level: 2-4 months
  • Senior: 1-3 months
  • Executive: 3-6 months

Planning Buffer

Always add 2-3 months buffer to hiring plans.

Example: If need engineer by July 1:

  • Start recruiting: April 1 (12 weeks)
  • Productivity: September 1 (2 months ramp)

Budget Planning

Compensation as % of Revenue

Early Stage (Seed):

  • Total comp: 120-150% of revenue (burning cash to grow)
  • Engineering: 50-60%
  • Sales: 30-40%
  • Other: 20-30%

Growth Stage (Series A):

  • Total comp: 70-100% of revenue
  • Engineering: 35-45%
  • Sales: 25-35%
  • Other: 20-30%

Headcount Budget Formula

Total Comp Budget = Σ (Role Count × Fully-Loaded Cost × % of Year)

Example:
3 Engineers × $202K × 100% = $606K
2 AEs × $230K × 75% (mid-year start) = $345K
1 PM × $162K × 100% = $162K
Total: $1.1M

Quick Start

To plan team composition:

  1. Identify stage - Pre-seed, seed, or Series A
  2. Define roles - What functions are needed now
  3. Prioritize hires - Critical path for business goals
  4. Set compensation - Base salary + equity by level
  5. Plan timeline - Account for recruiting and ramp time
  6. Calculate budget - Fully-loaded cost × headcount
  7. Design org chart - Reporting structure and span of control
  8. Allocate equity - Fair allocation that preserves pool