verify-archive

Detect bit rot, tampering, and transfer errors in media archives through cryptographic checksum verification. Maintain provenance records and fixity information for long-term preservation.

Purpose

Media archives degrade over time through:

• Bit rot: Silent data corruption in storage media
• Transfer errors: Corruption during network transfer or backup
• Tampering: Unauthorized modifications
• Media failure: Gradual deterioration of physical storage

This command generates self-verifying checksum manifests, performs integrity verification, and optionally creates W3C PROV provenance records with PREMIS fixity metadata.

Parameters

Parameter	Required	Description
archive_path	Yes	Path to media archive directory
--generate	No	Generate new CHECKSUMS.sha256 manifest
--verify	No	Verify existing manifest against files
--provenance	No	Generate PROVENANCE.jsonld with PREMIS fixity
--fix	No	Regenerate manifest after archive changes

Mutually exclusive modes: Use --generate for initial setup, --verify for routine checks, --fix after making changes.

CHECKSUMS.sha256 Format

Self-verifying manifest with cryptographic integrity protection:

# MANIFEST_HASH: e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855
# Generated: 2026-02-14T18:45:22.387654321Z
# Verify with: tail -n +4 CHECKSUMS.sha256 | sha256sum
1a2b3c4d...  ./audio/episode-001.opus
5e6f7g8h...  ./audio/episode-002.opus
9i0j1k2l...  ./video/recording-2026-02-14.mp4
3m4n5o6p...  ./playlists/favorites.m3u
7q8r9s0t...  ./README.md

Format specification:

• Line 1: # MANIFEST_HASH: <sha256> - SHA-256 hash of manifest content (lines 4+)
• Line 2: # Generated: <timestamp> - ISO 8601 UTC timestamp with nanosecond precision
• Line 3: # Verify with: tail -n +4 CHECKSUMS.sha256 | sha256sum - Self-verification command
• Lines 4+: <hash> <path> - File checksums in sha256sum format

Self-verification property: Modifying any hash entry invalidates the manifest hash. The manifest is tamper-evident.

Coverage: ALL files in the archive are checksummed:

• Audio files (opus, mp3, flac, m4a, aac)
• Video files (mp4, mkv, webm, avi)
• Images (jpg, png, webp, svg)
• Text files (md, txt, srt, vtt)
• Playlists (m3u, m3u8, pls)
• Scripts and metadata (json, yaml, sh)

Exclusions: Only CHECKSUMS.sha256 itself is excluded to prevent circular dependency.

Verification Procedures

Quick Verification (Manifest Integrity)

Verify manifest has not been tampered with (sub-second):

cd /path/to/archive

# Extract manifest hash from header
EXPECTED=$(grep '^# MANIFEST_HASH:' CHECKSUMS.sha256 | awk '{print $3}')

# Compute hash of manifest content (lines 4+)
ACTUAL=$(tail -n +4 CHECKSUMS.sha256 | sha256sum | awk '{print $1}')

# Compare
if [ "$EXPECTED" = "$ACTUAL" ]; then
  echo "✓ Manifest integrity verified"
else
  echo "✗ Manifest has been tampered with"
  exit 1
fi

Use case: Daily automated checks to detect manifest corruption without verifying all files.

Full Verification (All Files)

Verify all files match their checksums (minutes to hours depending on archive size):

cd /path/to/archive

# First verify manifest integrity
EXPECTED=$(grep '^# MANIFEST_HASH:' CHECKSUMS.sha256 | awk '{print $3}')
ACTUAL=$(tail -n +4 CHECKSUMS.sha256 | sha256sum | awk '{print $1}')

if [ "$EXPECTED" != "$ACTUAL" ]; then
  echo "✗ Manifest integrity check failed - stopping"
  exit 1
fi

echo "✓ Manifest integrity verified"

# Then verify all files
tail -n +4 CHECKSUMS.sha256 | sha256sum -c

Use case: Weekly/monthly deep verification to detect bit rot.

Quiet Mode (Failures Only)

Show only files that failed verification:

cd /path/to/archive
tail -n +4 CHECKSUMS.sha256 | sha256sum -c --quiet

Exit codes:

• 0 - All files verified successfully
• 1 - One or more files failed verification

Use case: Cron jobs and automated monitoring.

Timestamp Standard

All timestamps use ISO 8601 UTC with nanosecond precision:

Format: YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.NNNNNNNNNZ

Example: 2026-02-14T18:45:22.387654321Z

Generation command:

date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%NZ

Requirements:

• Always UTC (trailing Z), never local timezone
• Nanosecond precision (9 decimal places)
• ISO 8601 compliant
• Monotonic (later timestamps are lexicographically greater)

Workflow

Initial Setup (--generate)

aiwg verify-archive /path/to/archive --generate

Steps:

1. Find all files recursively (excluding CHECKSUMS.sha256)
2. Compute SHA-256 hash for each file
3. Sort results by path (deterministic order)
4. Generate timestamp in ISO 8601 UTC format
5. Write checksums to temporary file
6. Compute SHA-256 of checksum content
7. Add self-verifying header with manifest hash
8. Write final CHECKSUMS.sha256
9. Generate VERIFY.md with human-readable instructions

Bash implementation:

ARCHIVE_PATH="/path/to/archive"
TIMESTAMP=$(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%NZ)

cd "$ARCHIVE_PATH"

# Generate checksums (exclude manifest itself)
find . -type f ! -name "CHECKSUMS.sha256" -print0 | \
  sort -z | \
  xargs -0 sha256sum > /tmp/checksums.tmp

# Compute manifest hash
MANIFEST_HASH=$(sha256sum /tmp/checksums.tmp | awk '{print $1}')

# Write final manifest with self-verifying header
{
  echo "# MANIFEST_HASH: $MANIFEST_HASH"
  echo "# Generated: $TIMESTAMP"
  echo "# Verify with: tail -n +4 CHECKSUMS.sha256 | sha256sum"
  cat /tmp/checksums.tmp
} > CHECKSUMS.sha256

rm /tmp/checksums.tmp

echo "✓ Generated CHECKSUMS.sha256 with $MANIFEST_HASH"

Routine Verification (--verify)

aiwg verify-archive /path/to/archive --verify

Steps:

1. Read MANIFEST_HASH from header
2. Compute hash of manifest content (lines 4+)
3. Compare hashes (quick integrity check)
4. If manifest is intact, verify all files against checksums
5. Report any mismatches or missing files

Regeneration After Changes (--fix)

aiwg verify-archive /path/to/archive --fix

Use case: After adding/removing/modifying files in the archive.

Steps:

1. Backup existing CHECKSUMS.sha256 to CHECKSUMS.sha256.bak
2. Regenerate manifest (same as --generate)
3. Report changes: added files, removed files, modified files
4. Keep backup for comparison

Example output:

Backed up existing manifest to CHECKSUMS.sha256.bak
Regenerating checksums...
Changes detected:
  Added: ./audio/episode-003.opus
  Modified: ./README.md (hash changed)
  Removed: ./audio/episode-001-draft.opus
✓ Generated new CHECKSUMS.sha256

VERIFY.md Template

Human-readable verification instructions placed in archive root:

# Archive Integrity Verification

This archive contains a self-verifying checksum manifest for detecting corruption, tampering, or transfer errors.

## Quick Verification (Manifest Integrity)

Verify the manifest has not been tampered with (sub-second):

\`\`\`bash
cd "$(dirname "$0")"
EXPECTED=$(grep '^# MANIFEST_HASH:' CHECKSUMS.sha256 | awk '{print $3}')
ACTUAL=$(tail -n +4 CHECKSUMS.sha256 | sha256sum | awk '{print $1}')
[ "$EXPECTED" = "$ACTUAL" ] && echo "✓ Manifest integrity verified" || echo "✗ Manifest tampered"
\`\`\`

## Full Verification (All Files)

Verify all files match their checksums:

\`\`\`bash
cd "$(dirname "$0")"
tail -n +4 CHECKSUMS.sha256 | sha256sum -c
\`\`\`

## Archive Information

- **Generated**: {TIMESTAMP}
- **File count**: {FILE_COUNT}
- **Total size**: {TOTAL_SIZE}
- **Manifest hash**: {MANIFEST_HASH}

## Recommended Verification Schedule

- **Daily**: Quick manifest integrity check
- **Weekly**: Full file verification
- **After transfer**: Full verification immediately after copying/downloading
- **Before backup**: Verify source integrity before creating backup

## If Verification Fails

1. **Manifest integrity failure**: Manifest has been tampered with or corrupted. Regenerate from source.
2. **File verification failure**: File has been corrupted or modified. Restore from backup or regenerate.

## Regeneration

After making changes to the archive, regenerate the manifest:

\`\`\`bash
aiwg verify-archive . --fix
\`\`\`

---

*Self-verifying checksums using SHA-256 (NIST FIPS 180-4)*

Template variables:

• {TIMESTAMP} - ISO 8601 generation timestamp
• {FILE_COUNT} - Number of files in manifest
• {TOTAL_SIZE} - Total archive size in human-readable format
• {MANIFEST_HASH} - SHA-256 hash of manifest content

PROVENANCE.jsonld Integration

W3C PROV-O format with PREMIS fixity metadata:

{
  "@context": {
    "prov": "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#",
    "premis": "http://www.loc.gov/premis/rdf/v3/",
    "schema": "http://schema.org/",
    "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
  },
  "@graph": [
    {
      "@id": "urn:uuid:ARCHIVE_UUID",
      "@type": ["prov:Entity", "premis:IntellectualEntity"],
      "prov:generatedAtTime": {
        "@type": "xsd:dateTime",
        "@value": "2026-02-14T18:45:22.387654321Z"
      },
      "premis:hasFixity": {
        "@type": "premis:Fixity",
        "premis:hasMessageDigest": "sha256:e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855",
        "premis:hasMessageDigestAlgorithm": "SHA-256",
        "premis:hasMessageDigestOriginator": "aiwg verify-archive v2026.2.6",
        "premis:fixityCheckDateTime": {
          "@type": "xsd:dateTime",
          "@value": "2026-02-14T18:45:22.387654321Z"
        }
      },
      "schema:contentUrl": "./CHECKSUMS.sha256"
    },
    {
      "@id": "urn:uuid:ACTIVITY_UUID",
      "@type": "prov:Activity",
      "prov:startedAtTime": {
        "@type": "xsd:dateTime",
        "@value": "2026-02-14T18:45:20.123456789Z"
      },
      "prov:endedAtTime": {
        "@type": "xsd:dateTime",
        "@value": "2026-02-14T18:45:22.387654321Z"
      },
      "prov:wasAssociatedWith": {
        "@id": "urn:aiwg:agent:media-curator"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "urn:aiwg:agent:media-curator",
      "@type": "prov:SoftwareAgent",
      "schema:name": "AIWG Media Curator",
      "schema:softwareVersion": "2026.2.6"
    }
  ]
}

Key relationships:

• premis:hasFixity - Links entity to fixity information
• premis:hasMessageDigest - SHA-256 hash with sha256: prefix
• premis:fixityCheckDateTime - When verification was performed
• prov:wasAssociatedWith - Agent that performed verification

Use case: Long-term digital preservation requiring audit trails and provenance chains.

Standards Compliance

Standard	Purpose	Reference
SHA-256	Cryptographic hash function	NIST FIPS 180-4
ISO 8601	Timestamp format	ISO 8601:2019
PREMIS 3.0	Preservation metadata	Library of Congress
W3C PROV-O	Provenance ontology	W3C Recommendation 2013
JSON-LD 1.1	Linked data format	W3C Recommendation 2020

Error Handling

Missing archive: Exit with error if archive path does not exist.

No CHECKSUMS.sha256: For --verify, exit with error. For --generate, create new manifest.

Hash mismatch: Report which files failed, exit code 1.

Permission errors: Report files that cannot be read, continue verification for accessible files.

Corrupt manifest: If manifest cannot be parsed, exit with error and suggest regeneration.

Deliverables

When running --generate or --fix:

1. CHECKSUMS.sha256 - Self-verifying checksum manifest
2. VERIFY.md - Human-readable verification instructions

When running --provenance:

3. PROVENANCE.jsonld - W3C PROV-O provenance record with PREMIS fixity

Examples

Initial setup:

aiwg verify-archive ~/media/podcast-archive --generate

Routine verification:

aiwg verify-archive ~/media/podcast-archive --verify

After adding new episodes:

aiwg verify-archive ~/media/podcast-archive --fix

Generate with provenance:

aiwg verify-archive ~/media/podcast-archive --generate --provenance

Automated monitoring (cron):

0 2 * * * aiwg verify-archive /media/archives/podcast --verify --quiet || echo "Archive verification failed" | mail -s "Alert" admin@example.com

References

• @$AIWG_ROOT/agentic/code/addons/aiwg-utils/rules/human-authorization.md — Seek explicit authorization before regenerating or fixing checksums (--generate, --fix)
• @$AIWG_ROOT/agentic/code/frameworks/media-curator/skills/integrity-verification/SKILL.md — Core integrity verification patterns used by this skill
• @$AIWG_ROOT/agentic/code/frameworks/media-curator/skills/provenance-tracking/SKILL.md — Provenance records generated via --provenance flag
• @$AIWG_ROOT/agentic/code/frameworks/media-curator/skills/curate/SKILL.md — Orchestration skill that invokes verify-archive as a curation phase